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The Frederick W. Panhorst Bridge, more commonly known as the Russian Gulch Bridge, is a reinforced concrete open-spandrel deck arch bridge on California State Highway 1, spanning Russian Gulch Creek in Russian Gulch State Park, Mendocino County, California, USA. The bridge was designed by Henry E. Kuphal. It is similar in design to the more famous Bixby Creek Bridge several hundred miles south on the same highway, but in contrast to the Bixby Creek Bridge, its arch is supported only by the two rocky headlands on either side without need for buttresses.〔.〕 It was constructed at the expense of US$109,000 from 1939 to 1940, and it was dedicated by governor Culbert Olson on June 9, 1940.〔.〕〔.〕 Its main span is 73.2 meters long, and its total length is 160.6 meters;〔.〕 it carries an average of 10,500 vehicles per day. In 1996–1998, the Russian Gulch Bridge and eleven other Mendocino County bridges underwent seismic retrofitting, at a total cost of US$9.7 million.〔.〕〔.〕 In 2007, Caltrans bridge engineer Barton Newton called the bridge "functionally obsolete" due to its narrow deck, but stated that the bridge was structurally sound.〔; ''Mendocino Beacon'', December 5, 2007. Retrieved from http://www.zoominfo.com/people/Newton_Barton_546694543.aspx, 2009-08-26.〕〔.〕 The Russian Gulch Bridge was renamed to be the Frederick W. Panhorst bridge in 1974,〔 by California Senate Concurrent Resolution 145.〔.〕 Panhorst was Chief of the Bridge Section of the California Division of Highways from 1931 to 1960, and served as a director for the American Society of Civil Engineers.〔.〕 Retired California bridge engineer Arthur Elliot considered the Russian Gulch Bridge to be the most beautiful of California's concrete arch bridges,〔.〕 and it is the frequent subject of photographs.〔.〕 The columns of the bridge are spaced more widely as they become longer, adding to its aesthetics.〔〔.〕 It is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places as the embodiment of a typical mid-20th-century open-spandrel concrete arch bridge, and as an example of the late-career work of Kuphal.〔.〕 Prior to the bridge's opening, traffic across the gulch was carried on a wooden trestle bridge, built in 1911, that was designed to support the weight of a 6-horse team but was inadequate for later motorized vehicle traffic.〔〔.〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frederick W. Panhorst Bridge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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